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TSMC ta kulle a cikin Silikon Carbide mai inci 12 don Sabon Yankin Gabatarwa, Tsarin Gudanar da Dabaru a cikin Kayan Gudanar da Zafi na Zamani na AI

Teburin Abubuwan da ke Ciki

1. Sauyin Fasaha: Tashin Silicon Carbide da Kalubalen da Yake Fuskanta

2. Tsarin Tsarin TSMC: Fita daga GaN da Yin Caca akan SiC

3. Gasar Kayan Aiki: Rashin Maye Gurbin SiC

4. Yanayin Aikace-aikace: Juyin Juya Halin Gudanar da Zafi a cikin Kwamfutocin AI da Kayan Lantarki na Gaba

5. Kalubalen Nan Gaba: Matsalolin Fasaha da Gasar Masana'antu

A cewar TechNews, masana'antar semiconductor ta duniya ta shiga wani zamani da basirar wucin gadi (AI) da kuma babban aikin kwamfuta (HPC) ke jagoranta, inda sarrafa zafi ya fito a matsayin babban matsala da ke shafar ƙirar guntu da ci gaban aiwatarwa. Yayin da gine-ginen marufi na zamani kamar su stacking 3D da haɗin kai na 2.5D ke ci gaba da ƙara yawan guntu da amfani da wutar lantarki, substrates na yumbu na gargajiya ba za su iya biyan buƙatun kwararar zafi ba. TSMC, babbar masana'antar wafer ta duniya, tana mayar da martani ga wannan ƙalubalen da wani gagarumin sauyi: rungumar substrates silicon carbide (SiC) mai inci 12 gaba ɗaya yayin da a hankali take ficewa daga kasuwancin gallium nitride (GaN). Wannan motsi ba wai kawai yana nuna sake daidaita dabarun kayan TSMC ba ne, har ma yana nuna yadda sarrafa zafi ya sauya daga "fasahar tallafi" zuwa "fa'idar gasa mai mahimmanci."

 

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Silicon Carbide: Kayan Lantarki na Bayan Wutar Lantarki

Silicon carbide, wanda aka san shi da faffadan ƙarfinsa na semiconductor, an saba amfani da shi a cikin na'urorin lantarki masu ƙarfi kamar inverters na motocin lantarki, sarrafa motocin masana'antu, da kayayyakin more rayuwa na makamashi mai sabuntawa. Duk da haka, ƙarfin SiC ya wuce wannan. Tare da ingantaccen watsa wutar lantarki na thermal na kusan 500 W/mK - wanda ya fi ƙarfin ƙarfe na yumbu na gargajiya kamar aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) ko sapphire - SiC yanzu tana shirye don magance ƙalubalen zafi da ke ƙaruwa na aikace-aikacen mai yawa.

 https://www.xkh-semitech.com/sic-substrate-epi-wafer-conductivesemi-type-4-6-8-inch-product/

 

Masu Saurin AI da Rikicin Zafi

Yaɗuwar na'urorin haɓaka AI, masu sarrafa cibiyar bayanai, da gilashin AR mai wayo ya ƙara ta'azzara ƙuntatawa a sarari da kuma matsalolin sarrafa zafi. Misali, a cikin na'urori masu ɗaukar hoto, sassan microchip da aka sanya kusa da ido suna buƙatar ingantaccen sarrafa zafi don tabbatar da aminci da kwanciyar hankali. Ta hanyar amfani da ƙwarewarta ta shekaru da yawa a cikin ƙera wafer mai inci 12, TSMC tana haɓaka manyan wurare masu siffar lu'ulu'u guda ɗaya na SiC don maye gurbin yumbu na gargajiya. Wannan dabarar tana ba da damar haɗa kai cikin layukan samarwa na yanzu, daidaita yawan amfanin ƙasa da fa'idodin farashi ba tare da buƙatar cikakken gyaran masana'antu ba.

 

Kalubalen Fasaha da Sabbin Abubuwa;

Duk da cewa SiC substrates don sarrafa zafi ba sa buƙatar ƙa'idodin lahani na lantarki masu tsauri da na'urorin wutar lantarki ke buƙata, ingancin lu'ulu'u ya kasance mai mahimmanci. Abubuwan waje kamar ƙazanta ko damuwa na iya kawo cikas ga watsa phonon, lalata tasirin zafi, da haifar da zafi mai yawa na gida, wanda a ƙarshe ke shafar ƙarfin injina da lanƙwasa saman. Ga wafers masu inci 12, warpage da deformation sune manyan abubuwan damuwa, domin suna shafar haɗin guntu kai tsaye da yawan marufi na ci gaba. Don haka mayar da hankali kan masana'antu ya canza daga kawar da lahani na lantarki zuwa tabbatar da daidaiton yawa, ƙarancin porosity, da kuma babban sarari na saman - abubuwan da ake buƙata don samar da babban adadin sinadari na zafi na SiC.

 

https://www.xkh-semitech.com/silicon-carbide-sic-single-crystal-substrate-10x10mm-wafer-product/

;Matsayin SiC a cikin Marufi Mai Ci gaba

Haɗin SiC na babban ƙarfin lantarki na zafi, ƙarfin injina, da juriya ga girgizar zafi yana sanya shi a matsayin mai canza wasa a cikin marufi na 2.5D da 3D:

 
  • Haɗin kai na 2.5D:Ana ɗora guntu a kan silicon ko na halitta masu haɗa sigina masu gajeru da inganci. Kalubalen watsa zafi a nan galibi suna kwance ne.
  • Haɗin 3D:Chips ɗin da aka tara a tsaye ta hanyar amfani da hanyar silicon (TSVs) ko haɗin kai na haɗin gwiwa suna cimma yawan haɗin kai mai yawa amma suna fuskantar matsin lamba na zafi mai faɗi. SiC ba wai kawai yana aiki azaman kayan zafi mai aiki ba ne, har ma yana haɗuwa da mafita na zamani kamar lu'u-lu'u ko ƙarfe mai ruwa don ƙirƙirar tsarin "sanyaya mai haɗin gwiwa".

 

;Fita daga Dabaru ta GaN

TSMC ta sanar da shirin kawo ƙarshen ayyukan GaN nan da shekarar 2027, tare da sake mayar da albarkatun zuwa SiC. Wannan shawarar tana nuna tsarin sake daidaita ayyuka: yayin da GaN ta yi fice a aikace-aikacen mita mai yawa, cikakken ikon sarrafa zafi da kuma daidaita SiC ya fi dacewa da hangen nesa na TSMC na dogon lokaci. Sauyawa zuwa wafers mai inci 12 ya yi alƙawarin rage farashi da inganta daidaiton tsari, duk da ƙalubalen yankewa, gogewa, da kuma tsara tsari.

 

Bayan Motoci: Sabbin Yankunan SiC

A tarihi, SiC ta kasance mai alaƙa da na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki na mota. Yanzu, TSMC tana sake tunanin aikace-aikacenta:

 
  • SiC mai sarrafa wutar lantarki: N-typeYana aiki azaman masu watsa zafi a cikin na'urorin haɓaka AI da masu sarrafawa masu aiki sosai.
  • SiC mai hana ruwa:Yana aiki a matsayin masu shiga tsakani a cikin ƙirar chiplet, yana daidaita keɓewar lantarki da watsawar zafi.

Waɗannan sabbin abubuwa suna sanya SiC a matsayin kayan aiki na asali don sarrafa zafi a cikin kwakwalwar AI da kwakwalwan cibiyar bayanai.

 

https://www.xkh-semitech.com/4h-n6h-n-sic-wafer-reasearch-production-dummy-grade-dia150mm-silicon-carbide-substrate-product/

 

daTsarin Yanayi na Kayan Aiki

Duk da cewa lu'u-lu'u (1,000–2,200 W/mK) da graphene (3,000–5,000 W/mK) suna ba da ingantaccen watsa wutar lantarki ta thermal, tsadar da suke da ita da kuma iyakokin da za su iya canzawa suna hana ɗaukar su a matsayin ruwan dare. Madadin kamar haɗakar fuska mai sanyaya ruwa ko microfluidic da shingen farashi. "Matsayin da ya dace da SiC" - haɗa aiki, ƙarfin injina, da kuma iya kera su - ya sa ya zama mafita mafi inganci.
;
Babban Gasar TSMC

Kwarewar TSMC mai inci 12 ta wafer ta bambanta ta da masu fafatawa, wanda hakan ke ba da damar amfani da dandamalin SiC cikin sauri. Ta hanyar amfani da kayayyakin more rayuwa da fasahar marufi ta zamani kamar CoWoS, TSMC na da nufin canza fa'idodin kayan aiki zuwa mafita na zafin jiki na matakin tsarin. A halin yanzu, manyan masana'antu kamar Intel suna ba da fifiko ga isar da wutar lantarki ta baya da kuma tsara haɗin gwiwa na wutar lantarki, wanda ke nuna sauyin duniya zuwa ga kirkire-kirkire mai da hankali kan zafi.

Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-28-2025
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