A cikin rayuwar yau da kullun, na'urorin lantarki kamar wayowin komai da ruwan ka da agogon smartwatches sun zama abokan zama da babu makawa. Waɗannan na'urori suna ƙara slim amma suna da ƙarfi. Shin kun taɓa mamakin abin da ke ba da damar ci gaba da juyin halitta? Amsar ta ta'allaka ne a cikin kayan semiconductor, kuma a yau, mun mai da hankali kan ɗayan mafi fice a cikinsu - crystal sapphire.
Sapphire crystal, da farko ya ƙunshi α-Al₂O₃, ya ƙunshi atom ɗin oxygen guda uku da atom ɗin alumini guda biyu waɗanda aka haɗa su da juna, suna samar da tsarin lattice hexagonal. Yayin da yake kama da sapphire mai daraja a cikin bayyanar, lu'ulu'u na sapphire na masana'antu suna jaddada kyakkyawan aiki. Chemically inert, ba shi da narkewa a cikin ruwa kuma yana jure wa acid da alkalis, yana aiki a matsayin "garkuwar sinadarai" wanda ke kiyaye kwanciyar hankali a cikin yanayi mai tsanani. Bugu da ƙari, yana nuna kyakkyawan haske na gani, yana ba da damar watsa haske mai inganci; karfi thermal watsin, hana overheating; da kuma fitaccen rufin lantarki, tabbatar da tsayayyen watsa sigina ba tare da yabo ba. A inji, sapphire yana alfahari da taurin Mohs na 9, na biyu kawai zuwa lu'u-lu'u, yana mai da shi lalacewa sosai- da juriya - madaidaicin aikace-aikace masu buƙata.
Makamin Sirri a cikin Kera Chip
(1) Mabuɗin Maɓalli don Chips masu ƙarancin ƙarfi
Kamar yadda na'urorin lantarki ke tafiya zuwa ƙarami da babban aiki, ƙananan kwakwalwan kwamfuta sun zama mahimmanci. kwakwalwan kwamfuta na al'ada suna fama da lalatawar rufi a kauri na nanoscale, wanda ke haifar da ɗigogi na yanzu, ƙara yawan amfani da wutar lantarki, da zafi mai zafi, wanda ke yin lahani ga kwanciyar hankali da tsawon rayuwa.
Masu bincike a Cibiyar Microsystem da Fasahar Watsa Labarai ta Shanghai (SIMIT), Kwalejin Kimiyya ta kasar Sin, sun ƙera wafers dielectric sapphire dielectric wafers ta hanyar amfani da fasahar oxidation na ƙarfe-intercalated, canza aluminum-crystal aluminum zuwa guda-crystal alumina (sapphire). A kauri na 1 nm, wannan kayan yana nuna ɗigon ɗigo mara ƙarfi na halin yanzu, yana fin ƙarfin amorphous dielectrics na al'ada ta umarni biyu na girma a cikin raguwar ƙarancin jihar da haɓaka ingancin mu'amala tare da semiconductor na 2D. Haɗa wannan tare da kayan 2D yana ba da damar guntu masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, haɓaka rayuwar baturi sosai a cikin wayoyin hannu da haɓaka kwanciyar hankali a aikace-aikacen AI da IoT.
(2) Cikakken Abokin Hulɗa don Gallium Nitride (GAN)
A cikin filin semiconductor, gallium nitride (GaN) ya fito a matsayin tauraro mai haskakawa saboda fa'idodinsa na musamman. A matsayin abu mai faɗi-bandgap semiconductor abu tare da bandgap na 3.4 eV-mafi girma fiye da silicon's 1.1 eV-GaN ya yi fice a cikin matsanancin zafin jiki, babban ƙarfin lantarki, da aikace-aikacen mitoci masu girma. Babban motsin wutar lantarki da ƙarfin fashe-fashe mai mahimmanci ya sa ya zama kayan aiki mai ƙarfi don ƙarfin ƙarfi, zafi mai ƙarfi, mitoci, da na'urorin lantarki masu haske. A cikin lantarki na lantarki, na'urori masu tushen GaN suna aiki a mafi girman mitoci tare da ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, suna ba da kyakkyawan aiki a cikin jujjuyawar wutar lantarki da sarrafa makamashi. A cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na microwave, GaN yana ba da damar babban iko, manyan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa kamar 5G amplifiers, haɓaka ingancin watsa sigina da kwanciyar hankali.
Ana ɗaukar sapphire crystal a matsayin "cikakkiyar abokin tarayya" ga GaN. Kodayake rashin daidaituwar lattice ɗin sa tare da GaN ya fi na silicon carbide (SiC), ƙwanƙolin sapphire suna nuna rashin daidaituwar yanayin zafi yayin GaN epitaxy, yana ba da ingantaccen tushe don haɓakar GaN. Bugu da ƙari, ingantacciyar wutar lantarki ta sapphire da bayyananniyar gani na gani suna sauƙaƙe ɓarkewar zafi a cikin manyan na'urorin GaN masu ƙarfi, tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na aiki da ingantaccen fitowar haske. Maɗaukakin kayan rufewar wutar lantarki yana ƙara rage tsangwama da asarar wutar lantarki. Haɗuwa da sapphire da GaN ya haifar da haɓaka na'urori masu mahimmanci, ciki har da LEDs na tushen GaN, wanda ke mamaye kasuwannin hasken wuta da nunin-daga fitilun LED na gida zuwa manyan filaye na waje-da laser diodes da aka yi amfani da su a cikin sadarwa na gani da kuma daidaitaccen aikin laser.
GaN-on-sapphire wafer na XKH
Fadada iyakokin aikace-aikacen Semiconductor
(1) "Garkuwa" a cikin Ayyukan Soja da Aerospace
Kayan aiki a aikace-aikacen soja da na sararin samaniya galibi suna aiki a ƙarƙashin matsanancin yanayi. A cikin sararin samaniya, jiragen sama suna jure yanayin zafi kusa-cikakkiyar-sifili, zafin hasken sararin samaniya, da ƙalubalen muhalli. A halin da ake ciki, jiragen soja suna fuskantar yanayin zafi sama da 1,000 ° C saboda dumama aerodynamic yayin tafiya mai sauri, tare da manyan kayan inji da tsangwama na lantarki.
Kaddarorin kristal na Sapphire sun sa ya zama kyakkyawan abu don mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin waɗannan fagagen. Babban juriya na zafinsa na musamman - yana da tsayi har zuwa 2,045 ° C yayin da yake kiyaye mutuncin tsarin - yana tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki a ƙarƙashin damuwa mai zafi. Har ila yau, taurinsa na radiation yana adana ayyuka a cikin sararin samaniya da muhallin nukiliya, yadda ya kamata yana kare kayan lantarki masu mahimmanci. Waɗannan halayen sun haifar da yaɗuwar amfani da sapphire a cikin tagogin infrared (IR) masu zafi. A cikin tsarin jagora na makami mai linzami, tagogin IR dole ne su kula da tsabtar gani a ƙarƙashin matsanancin zafi da sauri don tabbatar da gano ainihin manufa. Gilashin IR na tushen sapphire yana haɗa babban kwanciyar hankali na zafi tare da ingantaccen watsawar IR, yana inganta ingantaccen jagora. A cikin sararin samaniya, sapphire yana kare tsarin gani na tauraron dan adam, yana ba da damar bayyana hoto a cikin yanayi mara kyau.
XKH tasapphire na gani windows
(2) Sabuwar Gidauniyar Superconductors da Microelectronics
A cikin babban ɗabi'a, sapphire yana aiki azaman maƙasudin maƙasudi don ƙwararrun fina-finai na bakin ciki, waɗanda ke ba da damar juriyar juriya-mai jujjuya watsa wutar lantarki, jiragen ƙasa maglev, da tsarin MRI. Fina-finan ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙƙwalwa suna buƙatar kayan aiki tare da tsayayyen sifofi mai ƙarfi, kuma daidaituwar sapphire tare da kayan kamar magnesium diboride (MgB₂) yana ba da damar haɓakar fina-finai tare da haɓaka ƙimar halin yanzu mai mahimmanci da filin maganadisu mai mahimmanci. Misali, igiyoyin wutar lantarki ta amfani da fina-finai masu goyan bayan sapphire suna haɓaka ingantaccen watsawa ta hanyar rage asarar kuzari.
A cikin microelectronics, sapphire substrates tare da takamaiman matakan crystallographic-kamar R-jirgin sama (<1-102>) da A-jirgin sama (<11-20>) - yana ba da damar keɓaɓɓen yadudduka na siliki na epitaxial don ci-gaba da da'irori (ICs). R-jirgin sama na rage lahani crystal a high-gudun ICs, boosting aiki gudun da kwanciyar hankali, yayin da A-jirgin sama ta insulating Properties da kuma uniform yarda inganta matasan microelectronics da high-zazzabi superconductor hadewa. Waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa suna tallafawa manyan kwakwalwan kwamfuta a cikin babban aiki na kwamfuta da kayan aikin sadarwa.
XKH'sAlN-on-NPSS Wafer
Makomar Sapphire Crystal a cikin Semiconductor
Sapphire ya riga ya nuna ƙima mai girma a cikin na'urori masu auna sigina, daga ƙirƙira guntu zuwa sararin samaniya da masu sarrafa iko. Yayin da fasahar ke ci gaba, aikinta zai kara fadada. A cikin basirar wucin gadi, ƙarancin ƙarfin sapphire, kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu girma za su fitar da ci gaban AI a cikin kiwon lafiya, sufuri, da kuɗi. A cikin ƙididdige ƙididdiga, kaddarorin kayan sapphire suna sanya shi a matsayin ɗan takara mai ban sha'awa don haɗakar qubit. A halin yanzu, na'urorin GaN-on-sapphire za su cika buƙatun buƙatun kayan aikin sadarwa na 5G/6G. Ci gaba, sapphire za ta kasance ginshiƙin ƙirƙira semiconductor, ƙarfafa ci gaban fasaha na ɗan adam.
XKH's GaN-on-sapphire wafer epitaxial
XKH yana ba da ingantattun windows na gani na sapphire da GaN-on-sapphire wafer mafita don aikace-aikacen yankan-baki. Yin amfani da haɓakar kristal na mallakar mallaka da fasahar goge goge nanoscale, muna samar da windows sapphire mai ɗorewa tare da watsawa na musamman daga UV zuwa bakan IR, manufa don sararin samaniya, tsaro, da tsarin laser mai ƙarfi.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-18-2025