Jiragen saman kristal da daidaitawar kristal su ne ainihin ra'ayoyi guda biyu a cikin crystallography, masu alaƙa da kusanci da tsarin crystal a cikin fasahar da'ira na tushen silicon.
1.Definition da Properties na Crystal Orientation
Hannun kristal yana wakiltar takamaiman jagora a cikin lu'ulu'u, yawanci ana bayyana ta ta fihirisar daidaitawa. An bayyana ma'anar kristal ta hanyar haɗa kowane maki biyu na lattice a cikin tsarin crystal, kuma yana da halaye masu zuwa: kowane nau'in lu'u-lu'u yana ƙunshe da adadi mara iyaka; daidaitawar lu'ulu'u guda ɗaya na iya ƙunsar madaidaicin daidaitawar kristal da yawa waɗanda ke samar da dangin daidaitawar crystal; kristal fuskantarwa iyali maida hankali ne akan duk lattice maki a cikin crystal.
Muhimmancin daidaitawar kristal ya ta'allaka ne a cikin nuna tsarin jagoranci na atom a cikin crystal. Misali, daidaitawar crystal [111] tana wakiltar takamaiman jagora inda ma'aunin tsinkaya na gatura masu daidaitawa guda uku 1:1:1 ne.
2. Ma'anar da Kaddarorin Jiragen Ruwa
Jirgin kristal jirgin sama ne na tsarin zarra a cikin kristal, wanda ke wakilta ta fihirisar kristal (Indices Miller). Alal misali, (111) yana nuna cewa ma'amalar da aka yi na tsaka-tsakin jirgin saman crystal akan gatura masu daidaitawa suna cikin rabon 1:1:1. Jirgin lu'ulu'u yana da kaddarorin masu zuwa: kowane jirgin saman crystal yana ƙunshe da adadin lattice mara iyaka; kowane jirgin sama crystal yana da adadi mara iyaka na jiragen sama masu kama da juna waɗanda ke samar da dangin jirgin saman crystal; kristal jirgin iyali ya rufe dukan crystal.
Ƙaddamar da fihirisar Miller ya haɗa da ɗaukar tsattsauran ra'ayi na jirgin saman crystal akan kowace axis ɗin daidaitawa, gano ma'anarsu, da canza su zuwa mafi ƙarancin adadin adadin. Misali, (111) jirgin saman crystal yana da tsangwama akan gatari x, y, da z a cikin rabon 1:1:1.
3. Dangantakar Tsakanin Jiragen Ruwa Da Crystal Orientation
Jiragen saman kristal da daidaitawar lu'ulu'u hanyoyi ne daban-daban guda biyu na kwatanta tsarin geometric na crystal. Matsakaicin Crystal yana nufin tsari na atom tare da takamaiman alkibla, yayin da jirgin sama na crystal yana nufin tsarin tsarin kwayoyin halitta akan takamaiman jirgin sama. Waɗannan biyun suna da takamaiman wasiku, amma suna wakiltar ra'ayoyi na zahiri daban-daban.
Maɓalli mai mahimmanci: Matsayin al'ada na jirgin sama na crystal (watau vector madaidaicin wannan jirgin) yayi daidai da daidaitawar crystal. Misali, al'ada vector na (111) crystal jirgin yayi daidai da [111] crystal orientation, ma'ana cewa atomic tsarin tare da [111] alkibla ne a perpendicular zuwa wancan jirgin.
A cikin matakan semiconductor, zaɓin jirage na kristal suna tasiri sosai akan aikin na'urar. Misali, a cikin na'ura mai kwakwalwa na silicon, jiragen kristal da aka saba amfani da su sune (100) da (111) jirage saboda suna da shirye-shiryen atomic daban-daban da hanyoyin haɗin kai a wurare daban-daban. Kayayyaki kamar motsi na lantarki da makamashin saman sama sun bambanta akan jiragen kristal daban-daban, suna tasiri aiki da tsarin haɓaka na'urorin semiconductor.
4. Aikace-aikace masu dacewa a cikin Tsarin Semiconductor
A cikin masana'antar semiconductor na tushen silicon, ana amfani da daidaitawar kristal da jiragen kristal ta fuskoki da yawa:
Girman Crystal: Semiconductor lu'ulu'u galibi ana girma tare da takamaiman yanayin lu'ulu'u. Lu'ulu'u na Silicon galibi suna girma tare da [100] ko [111] fuskantarwa saboda kwanciyar hankali da tsarin atomic a cikin waɗannan matakan suna da kyau don haɓakar crystal.
Tsarin Etching: A cikin rigar etching, jiragen kristal daban-daban suna da ƙimar etching daban-daban. Misali, ƙimar etching akan (100) da (111) jirage na silicon sun bambanta, yana haifar da tasirin etching anisotropic.
Halayen Na'ura: Motsin lantarki a cikin na'urorin MOSFET yana da tasiri ta jirgin kristal. Yawanci, motsi ya fi girma akan jirgin (100), wanda shine dalilin da yasa MOSFET na tushen silicon na zamani ke amfani da wafers (100).
A taƙaice, jirage kristal da daidaitawar kristal hanyoyi ne na asali guda biyu don kwatanta tsarin lu'ulu'u a cikin crystallography. Hannun kristal yana wakiltar kaddarorin jagora a cikin kristal, yayin da jiragen kristal ke bayyana takamaiman jirage a cikin crystal. Waɗannan ra'ayoyi guda biyu suna da alaƙa ta kusa a masana'antar semiconductor. Zaɓin jiragen kristal kai tsaye yana yin tasiri ga kayan abu na zahiri da sinadarai, yayin da daidaitawar kristal ke rinjayar ci gaban kristal da dabarun sarrafawa. Fahimtar alakar da ke tsakanin jirage kristal da daidaitawa yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka ayyukan semiconductor da haɓaka aikin na'ura.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-08-2024