Lu'ulu'u na Sapphire suna girma daga tsaftataccen alumina foda tare da tsafta> 99.995%, yana mai da su yanki mafi girma na buƙatun alumina mai tsabta. Suna nuna ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, da kaddarorin sinadarai masu tsayayye, suna ba su damar yin aiki a cikin mummuna yanayi kamar yanayin zafi, lalata, da tasiri. Ana amfani da su sosai a cikin tsaron ƙasa, fasahar farar hula, microelectronics, da sauran fannoni.
Daga tsaftataccen alumina foda zuwa lu'ulu'u na sapphire
1. Mabuɗin Aikace-aikacen Sapphire
A bangaren tsaro, ana amfani da lu'ulu'u na sapphire da farko don tagogin infrared na makami mai linzami. Yakin zamani yana buƙatar daidaito mai zurfi a cikin makamai masu linzami, kuma taga mai gani na infrared abu ne mai mahimmanci don cimma wannan buƙatu. Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa makami mai linzami suna fuskantar zafi mai tsanani da tasiri a lokacin jirgin sama mai sauri, tare da matsanancin yanayi na fama, dole ne radome ya mallaki ƙarfin ƙarfi, juriya mai tasiri, da kuma ikon jure wa zaizayar ƙasa daga yashi, ruwan sama, da sauran yanayin yanayi mai tsanani. Lu'ulu'u na Sapphire, tare da ingantaccen watsa haskensu, ingantattun kaddarorin inji, da ingantaccen halayen sinadarai, sun zama kyakkyawan abu don tagogin infrared makami mai linzami.
LED substrates wakiltar mafi girma aikace-aikace na sapphire. Ana ɗaukar fitilun LED a matsayin juyin juya hali na uku bayan fitulun ceton makamashi. Ka'idar LEDs ta ƙunshi canza wutar lantarki zuwa makamashin haske. Lokacin da halin yanzu ke wucewa ta hanyar semiconductor, ramuka da electrons suna haɗuwa, suna sakin kuzari mai yawa a cikin nau'in haske, a ƙarshe suna samar da haske. Fasahar guntu LED ta dogara ne akan wafers na epitaxial, inda aka ajiye kayan gaseous Layer by Layer a kan wani abu. Babban kayan da ake amfani da su sun haɗa da siliki, siliki carbide substrates, da sapphire substrates. Daga cikin waɗannan, abubuwan da ake amfani da su na sapphire suna ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci akan sauran biyun, gami da kwanciyar hankali na na'ura, fasahar shirye-shiryen balagagge, rashin ɗaukar haske mai gani, watsa haske mai kyau, da matsakaicin farashi. Bayanai sun nuna cewa kashi 80% na kamfanonin LED na duniya suna amfani da sapphire azaman kayan aikin su.
Baya ga aikace-aikacen da aka ambata a baya, ana kuma amfani da lu'ulu'u na sapphire a cikin fuskar wayar hannu, na'urorin likitanci, kayan ado na kayan ado, da kayan taga don kayan aikin gano kimiyya daban-daban kamar lenses da prisms.
2. Girman Kasuwa da Al'amuran
Taimakawa ta hanyar tallafin manufofi da faɗaɗa yanayin aikace-aikacen kwakwalwan kwamfuta na LED, ana sa ran buƙatun sapphire da girman kasuwar su don cimma haɓakar lambobi biyu. A shekarar 2025, ana hasashen adadin jigilar kayayyaki na sapphire zai kai guda miliyan 103 (an canza zuwa 4-inch substrates), yana wakiltar haɓakar 63% idan aka kwatanta da 2021, tare da haɓakar haɓakar shekara-shekara (CAGR) na 13% daga 2021 zuwa 2025. Girman kasuwa na sapphire yana sa ran ya kai 2 biliyan biliyan 5. 108% karuwa idan aka kwatanta da 2021, tare da CAGR na 20% daga 2021 zuwa 2025. A matsayin "precursor" zuwa substrates, girman kasuwa da yanayin haɓakar lu'ulu'u na sapphire sun bayyana.
3. Shiri na Sapphire lu'ulu'u
Tun daga shekara ta 1891, lokacin da masanin ilmin sunadarai na Faransa Verneuil A. ya ƙirƙira hanyar haɗin harshen wuta don samar da lu'ulu'u na wucin gadi na wucin gadi a karon farko, nazarin ci gaban crystal sapphire na wucin gadi ya wuce fiye da karni. A cikin wannan lokacin, ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha sun haifar da bincike mai zurfi a cikin dabarun haɓaka sapphire don biyan buƙatun masana'antu don haɓaka ingancin kristal, ingantattun ƙimar amfani, da rage farashin samarwa. Sabbin hanyoyi da fasaha daban-daban sun fito don haɓaka lu'ulu'u na sapphire, irin su hanyar Czochralski, Hanyar Kyropoulos, hanyar haɓakar ci gaban fim (EFG), da hanyar musayar zafi (HEM).
3.1 Hanyar Czochralski don Haɓaka Lu'ulu'u na Sapphire
Hanyar Czochralski, wanda Czochralski J. ya yi majagaba a cikin 1918, kuma ana san shi da fasahar Czochralski (wanda aka gajarta a matsayin hanyar Cz). A cikin 1964, Poladino AE da Rotter BD sun fara amfani da wannan hanyar don haɓaka lu'ulu'u na sapphire. Har zuwa yau, ya samar da adadi mai yawa na lu'ulu'u na sapphire masu inganci. Ƙa'idar ta ƙunshi narkar da albarkatun ƙasa don samar da narke, sa'an nan kuma tsoma nau'in crystal guda ɗaya a cikin farfajiyar narkewa. Saboda bambance-bambancen zafin jiki a madaidaicin ruwa mai ƙarfi, supercooling yana faruwa, yana haifar da narkewar ya yi ƙarfi a saman iri kuma ya fara haɓaka kristal guda ɗaya tare da tsarin crystal iri ɗaya kamar iri. Ana jan iri a hankali zuwa sama yayin da ake juyawa a wani takamaiman gudu. Yayin da aka ja iri, narke a hankali yana daɗa ƙarfi a wurin dubawa, yana samar da crystal guda ɗaya. Wannan hanya, wacce ta ƙunshi cire crystal daga narke, ɗaya ne daga cikin dabarun gama gari don shirya lu'ulu'u ɗaya masu inganci.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na hanyar Czochralski sun haɗa da: (1) saurin girma girma, yana ba da damar samar da kyawawan lu'ulu'u guda ɗaya a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci; (2) lu'ulu'u suna girma a saman narke ba tare da tuntuɓar bangon bango ba, yadda ya kamata rage damuwa na ciki da haɓaka ingancin crystal. Duk da haka, babban koma baya na wannan hanyar shine wahalar girma manyan lu'ulu'u masu tsayi, yana sa ya zama ƙasa da dacewa don samar da manyan lu'ulu'u.
3.2 Hanyar Kyropoulos don Girma Sapphire lu'ulu'u
Hanyar Kyropoulos, wanda Kyropoulos ya ƙirƙira a cikin 1926 (wanda aka gajarta a matsayin hanyar KY), yana da kamanceceniya da hanyar Czochralski. Ya haɗa da tsoma kristal iri a cikin narkakken ƙasa kuma a hankali ja shi sama don samar da wuya. Da zarar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙima a mahaɗin narke-iri ya daidaita, ƙwayar ba ta ja ko juyawa. Madadin haka, ana sarrafa ƙimar sanyaya don ƙyale kristal guda ya ƙarfafa a hankali daga sama zuwa ƙasa, a ƙarshe yana samar da crystal guda ɗaya.
Tsarin Kyropoulos yana samar da lu'ulu'u tare da inganci mai inganci, ƙarancin ƙarancin lahani, babba, da ingantaccen farashi mai inganci.
3.3 Hanyar Ci gaban Fina-Finan-Fed (EFG) don Haɓaka Lu'ulu'u na Sapphire
Hanyar EFG ita ce fasahar haɓakar ƙira mai siffa. Ka'idarsa ta ƙunshi sanya babban narke-maki a cikin wani mold. Ana zana narke zuwa saman mold ta hanyar aikin capillary, inda yake tuntuɓar kristal iri. Yayin da aka ja iri kuma narkewar ta karu, kristal guda ɗaya yana samuwa. Girman da siffar gefen gyaggyarawa suna ƙuntata girman crystal. Saboda haka, wannan hanya tana da wasu iyakoki kuma ta dace da farko don lu'ulu'u masu siffa na sapphire kamar tubes da bayanan martabar U-dimbin yawa.
3.4 Hanyar Musanya zafi (HEM) don Haɓaka Lu'ulu'u na Sapphire
Hanyar musayar zafi don shirya manyan lu'ulu'u na sapphire Fred Schmid da Dennis sun ƙirƙira su a cikin 1967. Tsarin HEM yana nuna kyakkyawan yanayin zafi mai zafi, sarrafa mai zaman kanta na yanayin zafi a cikin narkewa da crystal, da kuma kulawa mai kyau. Yana da sauƙin samar da lu'ulu'u na sapphire tare da ƙananan raguwa da babba.
Abubuwan amfani da hanyar HEM sun haɗa da rashin motsi a cikin kullun, crystal, da hita a lokacin girma, kawar da ayyukan ja kamar waɗanda ke cikin hanyoyin Kyropoulos da Czochralski. Wannan yana rage tsangwama na ɗan adam kuma yana guje wa lahani na kristal da ke haifar da motsi na inji. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya sarrafa ƙimar sanyaya don rage zafin zafi da haifar da fashewar crystal da lahani. Wannan hanyar tana ba da damar haɓakar manyan lu'ulu'u masu girma, yana da sauƙin aiki, kuma yana riƙe da abubuwan haɓaka haɓaka.
Yin amfani da ƙwarewa mai zurfi a cikin haɓakar kristal sapphire da daidaitaccen aiki, XKH yana ba da mafita na wafer na al'ada na ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshen wanda aka keɓance don tsaro, LED, da aikace-aikacen optoelectronics. Baya ga sapphire, muna ba da cikakken kewayon manyan kayan aikin semiconductor ciki har da wafers silicon carbide (SiC), wafers na siliki, kayan yumbu na SiC, da samfuran quartz. Muna tabbatar da ingantacciyar inganci, amintacce, da goyan bayan fasaha a duk faɗin kayan, yana taimaka wa abokan ciniki cimma nasara a cikin masana'antu da aikace-aikacen bincike na ci gaba.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-29-2025