Sapphire, “tauraro mafi girma” na dangin Corundum, kamar wani saurayi mai kyau ne sanye da “tufafi masu launin shuɗi mai zurfi”. Amma bayan haɗuwa da shi sau da yawa, za ku ga cewa tufafinsa ba wai kawai “shuɗi” ba ne, ba kuma kawai “shuɗi mai zurfi” ba ne. Daga “shuɗin masara” zuwa “shuɗi mai sarauta”, kowane nau'in shuɗi yana da ban sha'awa. Idan ka yi tunanin shuɗin yana da ɗan kama da na yau da kullun, zai sake nuna maka kore, launin toka, rawaya, lemu, shunayya, ruwan hoda da launin ruwan kasa.
Sapphire mai launuka daban-daban
Saffir
Sinadarin sinadarai: Al₂O₃ \ nLauni: Canjin launin saffir sakamakon maye gurbin abubuwa daban-daban a cikin layinsa. Ya haɗa da dukkan launuka na dangin corundum banda ruby. Tauri: Tauri na Mohs shine 9, na biyu kawai da lu'u-lu'u. Yawan: 3.95-4.1 grams a kowace santimita mai siffar cubic \ nBirefractive index: 0.008-0.010 \ nLauni: Mai haske zuwa rabin-mai haske, mai haske zuwa ƙaramin lu'u-lu'u. Tasirin gani na musamman: Wasu saffir suna da tasirin hasken tauraro. Wato, bayan yankewa da niƙa mai siffar baka, ƙananan abubuwan da ke ciki (kamar rutile) suna nuna haske, suna sa saman dutse ya nuna haskoki shida na hasken tauraro.
Sapphire mai harbi shida
Manyan wuraren samarwa
Shahararrun wuraren samar da kayayyaki sun hada da Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Ostiraliya, Indiya da wasu sassan Afirka.
Sapphires daga asali daban-daban suna da halaye daban-daban. Misali, sapphires da ake samarwa a Myanmar, Kashmir da sauran yankuna ana yin su da titanium, wanda ke nuna launin shuɗi mai haske, yayin da waɗanda suka fito daga Ostiraliya, Thailand da China ana yin su da ƙarfe, wanda ke haifar da launin duhu.
Asalin ajiyar kuɗi
Samuwar saffir tsari ne mai sarkakiya, yawanci a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin ƙasa.
Dalilin da ya haifar da canji: Lokacin da duwatsu masu arzikin magnesium (kamar marmara) suka haɗu da ruwa mai arzikin titanium/iron, ana haifar da corundum a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na 6-12kbar a 700-900℃. Abubuwan da suka haɗa da "tasirin velvet" na Kashmir sapphire sune ainihin "sa hannun" wannan yanayi mai matsin lamba mai yawa.
Tsarin sihiri: Magma mai kama da basaltic yana ɗauke da lu'ulu'u na corundum yana fashewa a saman, yana samar da ma'adanai kamar Mogu a Myanmar. Sapphires a nan galibi suna ɗauke da rutiite, waɗanda aka shirya a cikin tsarin "hasken tauraro".
Abubuwan da aka haɗa da rutile mai siffar kibiya a cikin sapphires na Mogok daga Myanmar
Nau'in Pegmatite: Sapphires na placer daga Sri Lanka sune "gado" na yanayin pegmatite na granitic.
Dutsen Sri Lanka mai kama da saffir mai kauri
Daraja da Amfani
Amfani da kuma amfani da saffir ya shafi fannoni kamar kayan ado, kimiyya, ilimi da kuma fasahar zamani.
Darajar duwatsu masu daraja: Ana yaba wa Sapphire sosai saboda kyawun launinta, ƙarfinta da kuma juriyarta, kuma galibi ana amfani da ita wajen yin kayan ado masu tsada kamar zobe, sarƙoƙi, 'yan kunne da mundaye.
Sapphires masu launuka daban-daban da ions masu kama da chromic
Ma'anar alama: Sapphire tana wakiltar aminci, juriya, kirki da gaskiya, kuma ita ce dutsen haihuwa na Satumba da kaka.
Amfanin Masana'antu: Baya ga amfani da shi a matsayin dutse mai daraja, ana kuma amfani da saffir wajen samar da gilashin lu'ulu'u don agogo da kayan taga don kayan aikin gani saboda tsananin tauri da kuma bayyana shi.
saffir na roba
Ana ƙera saffir na roba a dakin gwaje-gwaje, amma halayen sinadarai, na gani da na zahiri kusan iri ɗaya ne da na ma'adanai na halitta.
Tarihin haɗa/ sarrafa saffir
A shekarar 1045, an yi wa duwatsu masu daraja na corundum magani a zafin jiki na 1100°C don cire launin shuɗi na ruby.
A shekarar 1902, masanin kimiyyar sinadarai na Faransa Auguste Verneuil (1856-1913) ya samar da sinadarin corundum na farko da aka haɗa ta hanyar roba ta amfani da hanyar narkewar harshen wuta a shekarar 1902.
A shekarar 1975, an dumama geuda sapphire daga Sri Lanka a yanayin zafi mai yawa (1500°C+) don ya zama shuɗi.
A lokacin bazara na shekara ta 2003, GIA ta buga wani muhimmin bincike kan yaduwar beryllium a cikin ruby da sapphires.
Shin Kambin yana da sha'awar musamman ga sapphires?
Sarkin Austria
An yi kwarangwal ɗin da zinare kuma an yi masa lu'u-lu'u, lu'u-lu'u da yakutu. A tsakiyar saman kambin akwai wani saffir mai ban sha'awa sosai.
Sarauniya Victoria Sapphire da Diamond Crown
An yi dukkan kambin da zinare da azurfa, faɗinsa ya kai santimita 11.5. An yi shi da saffir masu siffar matashi da kuma siffar kite, an kuma yi masa ado da lu'u-lu'u masu haske da aka yanka a ma'adinan. Wannan kyauta ce da Yarima Albert ya bai wa Sarauniya kwana ɗaya kafin aurensa a shekarar 1840.
Kambin Daular Burtaniya
An yi wa wannan kambin ado da lu'u-lu'u 5, saffir 17, emeralds 11, lu'u-lu'u 269 da lu'u-lu'u 2,868 masu girma dabam-dabam.
Safira na Sarauniya Maria ta Tsarist ta Rasha
Mai zane-zanen Rasha Konstantin Makovsky ya taɓa zana hoton Maria. A cikin zanen, Maria ta yi ado da kayan ado masu kyau kuma ta sanya cikakken kayan ado na sapphire masu tsada. Daga cikinsu, sarkar da ke gaban wuyanta ita ce mafi jan hankali, wacce aka sanya ta da sapphire mai siffar oval mai nauyin karat 139.
Sapphire hakika kyakkyawa ce sosai. Ba zai yiwu a mallaki ɗaya ba. Bayan haka, farashin na iya bambanta sosai dangane da launi, haske, dabarun yankewa, nauyi, asali da kuma ko an inganta shi ko a'a. Don Allah a yi taka tsantsan lokacin siye. Bayan haka, alama ce ta "aminci da hikima". Kada ku yarda wannan "hasken tauraro" ya ruɗe ku.
XKH'Kayan dutse mai kauri na roba mai saffir:
Akwatin agogon Sapphire na XKH:
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-12-2025