Tagogi Masu Ƙarfe: Masu Ingantaccen Hasken Hasken Hasken da Ba a San su ba

A cikin tsarin gani na daidai da kuma tsarin optoelectronic, sassa daban-daban kowannensu yana taka muhimmiyar rawa, suna aiki tare don cimma ayyuka masu rikitarwa. Saboda ana ƙera waɗannan sassan ta hanyoyi daban-daban, hanyoyin gyaran saman su ma sun bambanta. Daga cikin abubuwan da ake amfani da su sosai,tagogi na ganiYa zo cikin nau'ikan tsari da yawa. Wani ƙaramin rukuni mai sauƙi amma mai mahimmanci shinetaga mai kama da ƙarfe—ba wai kawai “mai tsaron ƙofa” na hanyar gani ba, har ma da gaskiyamai kunnana ayyukan tsarin. Bari mu yi nazari sosai.

Menene tagar gani mai ƙarfe—kuma me yasa ake ƙara masa ƙarfe?

1) Ma'anar

A taƙaice dai,taga mai kama da ƙarfewani sinadari ne na gani wanda tushensa—yawanci gilashi, silica mai haɗe, saffir, da sauransu—yana da sirara mai layi ɗaya (ko kuma mai layi ɗaya) na ƙarfe (misali, Cr, Au, Ag, Al, Ni) da aka ajiye a gefunansa ko a wuraren da aka keɓe ta hanyar tsauraran hanyoyin injin tsabtace iska kamar su evaporation ko sputtering.

Daga wani tsari mai faɗi na tacewa, tagogi masu ƙarfe sunaba"matatun gani na gargajiya." Matatun gargajiya (misali, bandpass, long-pass) an tsara su ne don watsawa ko nuna wasu madaukai na haske ta hanyar zaɓar su, suna canza bakan hasken.taga ta ganiA akasin haka, galibi kariya ce. Dole ne ya kiyayebabban watsawaa kan babban band (misali, VIS, IR, ko UV) yayin da yake samar dakeɓancewa da rufe muhalli.

Mafi daidai, taga mai ƙarfeƙaramin aji na musammanna taga mai gani. Bambancinsa yana cikinƙarfe, wanda ke ba da ayyuka da taga ta yau da kullun ba zai iya bayarwa ba.

2) Me yasa ake yin ƙarfe? Manyan manufofi da fa'idodi

Shafa wani abu mai haske da ƙarfe mai haske ba tare da wani tsari ba na iya yin kama da abin da ba daidai ba, amma zaɓi ne mai kyau, wanda aka yi shi bisa manufa. Ƙarfe yawanci yana ba da damar ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin waɗannan:

(a) Kariyar tsangwama ta lantarki (EMI)
A cikin tsarin lantarki da na'urorin lantarki da yawa, na'urori masu auna sigina masu saurin amsawa (misali, CCD/CMOS) da lasers suna da saurin kamuwa da EMI na waje - kuma suna iya haifar da tsangwama kansu. Tsarin ƙarfe mai ci gaba da aiki a kan taga zai iya aiki kamarkejin Faraday, yana barin haske ya ratsa yayin da yake toshe filayen RF/EM da ba a so, ta haka ne yake daidaita aikin na'urar.

(b) Haɗin lantarki da ƙasa
Layin ƙarfe yana da ikon sarrafa wutar lantarki. Ta hanyar haɗa gubar zuwa gare ta ko kuma ta hanyar haɗa ta da wani ƙarfe, za ka iya ƙirƙirar hanyoyin lantarki don abubuwan da aka ɗora a gefen ciki na taga (misali, na'urorin dumama, na'urori masu auna zafin jiki, na'urorin lantarki) ko kuma ɗaure taga da ƙasa don wargaza tsatsa da kuma ƙara kariya.

(c) Hatimin Hermetic
Wannan babban amfani ne. A cikin na'urori waɗanda ke buƙatar injin tsabtace iska mai ƙarfi ko yanayin da ba shi da aiki (misali, bututun laser, bututun photomultiplier, na'urori masu auna sararin samaniya), dole ne a haɗa taga da fakitin ƙarfe tare dahatimin dindindin, mai matuƙar aminciAmfani dayin gasa, an haɗa gefen taga da ƙarfe zuwa gidan ƙarfe don cimma ingantaccen yanayin zafi fiye da haɗin manne, wanda ke tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na muhalli na dogon lokaci.

(d) Bututun rufe fuska da abin rufe fuska
Ba lallai ne a rufe dukkan saman ba; ana iya yin zane. Ajiye abin rufe fuska na ƙarfe (misali, zagaye ko murabba'i) yana bayyana ainihin yanayin.budewa bayyananna, yana toshe hasken da ya ɓace, kuma yana inganta SNR da ingancin hoto.

Inda ake amfani da tagogi masu ƙarfe

Godiya ga waɗannan ƙarfin, ana amfani da tagogi masu ƙarfe sosai a duk inda yanayi ke buƙata:

• Tsaro da sararin samaniya:Masu neman makamai masu linzami, kayan da tauraron dan adam ke ɗauka, tsarin IR na iska—inda girgiza, matsanancin zafi, da ƙarfin EMI suka zama ruwan dare. Ƙarfe yana kawo kariya, rufewa, da kariya.

• Masana'antu da bincike masu inganci:na'urorin laser masu ƙarfi, na'urorin gano barbashi, tashoshin kallon injin, da kuma na'urorin cryostats—ayyukan da ke buƙatar ingantaccen injin, haƙurin radiation, da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa na lantarki masu inganci.

• Kimiyyar lafiya da rayuwa:kayan aiki masu amfani da na'urorin laser masu haɗawa (misali, na'urorin auna kwararar ruwa) waɗanda dole ne su rufe ramin laser yayin da suke barin hasken ya fita.

• Sadarwa & ganewa:Na'urorin fiber-optic da na'urori masu auna iskar gas waɗanda ke amfana daga kariyar EMI don tsarkake sigina.

Muhimman bayanai da sharuɗɗan zaɓi

Lokacin ƙayyade ko kimanta tagogi masu amfani da ƙarfe, mai da hankali kan:

1. Kayan substrate- Yana ƙayyade aikin gani da na jiki:

• Gilashin BK7/K9:mai tattalin arziki; ya dace da abin da ake iya gani.

• Silica mai haɗaka:watsawa mai yawa daga UV zuwa NIR; ƙarancin CTE da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau.

• Saffir:mai matuƙar tauri, mai jure karce, mai iya zafin jiki mai yawa; amfani mai faɗi na UV-mid-IR a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.

• Si/G:musamman don ƙungiyoyin IR.

2. Buɗewar buɗewa (CA)- Yankin da aka tabbatar zai cika ƙa'idodin gani. Yankunan da aka yi wa ƙarfe galibi suna waje (kuma sun fi girma) CA.

3. Nau'in ƙarfe da kauri–

• CrSau da yawa ana amfani da shi don buɗewa masu toshe haske da kuma a matsayin tushen mannewa/ƙarfafawa.

• Auyana ba da ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa da juriya ga iskar shaka don soldering/brazing.
  Kauri na yau da kullun: goma zuwa ɗaruruwan nanometers, waɗanda aka tsara don aiki.

4. Watsawa– Kashi na fitarwa akan maƙallin da aka nufa (λ₁–λ₂). Tagogi masu aiki masu ƙarfi na iya wuce gona da iri.99%a cikin tsarin ƙira (tare da rufin AR mai dacewa akan buɗewar fili).

5. Ƙarfin hali- Mahimmanci ga tagogi masu kauri; wanda aka saba tabbatarwa ta hanyar gwajin zubar helium, tare da tsauraran matakan zubarwa kamar< 1 × 10⁻⁸ cc/s(atm He).

6. Dacewar yin amfani da brazing– Dole ne tarin ƙarfen ya jika kuma ya haɗu sosai da abubuwan cikawa da aka zaɓa (misali, AuSn, AgCu eutectic) kuma ya jure yanayin zafi da matsin lamba na inji.

7. Ingancin saman- Scratch-Dig (misali,60-40ko mafi kyau); ƙananan lambobi suna nuna ƙarancin lahani/rage nauyi.

8. Siffar saman– Bambancin lanƙwasa, yawanci ana ƙayyade shi a cikin raƙuman ruwa a wani tsayin tsayi da aka bayar (misali,λ/4, λ/10 @ 632.8 nm); ƙananan ƙima suna nufin mafi kyawun lanƙwasa.

Layin ƙasa

Tagogi masu amfani da ƙarfe suna nan a kan hanyar sadarwa taaikin ganikumaaikin injiniya/lantarkiSuna wuce kawai watsawa, suna aiki azamanShinge-shingen kariya, garkuwar EMI, hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa, da gadoji na lantarkiZaɓar mafita mai kyau yana buƙatar nazarin ciniki na matakin tsarin: Shin kuna buƙatar sarrafa wutar lantarki? Ƙarfin wutar lantarki? Menene ma'aunin aiki? Yaya tsananin nauyin muhalli yake? Amsoshin suna jagorantar zaɓin substrate, tari na ƙarfe, da hanyar sarrafawa.

Wannan dai haɗin nedaidaiton sikelin micro(dubban nanometers na fina-finan ƙarfe da aka ƙera) da kumaƙarfi mai girman macro(jure bambance-bambancen matsin lamba da kuma canjin zafi mai tsanani) wanda ke sa tagogi masu amfani da ƙarfe su zama abin da ba makawa"Tagar sama"—haɗa yankin gani mai laushi da yanayi mafi tsauri na gaske a duniya.