Gabatarwa
An yi wahayi zuwa ga nasarar da aka samu na haɗaɗɗen haɗaɗɗiyar lantarki (EICs), filin na'urorin haɗin gwiwar hoto (PICs) yana tasowa tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a cikin 1969. Duk da haka, ba kamar EICs ba, ci gaban dandamali na duniya wanda zai iya tallafawa aikace-aikacen photonic iri-iri ya kasance babban kalubale. Wannan labarin yana bincika fasahar Lithium Niobate akan fasahar Insulator (LNOI), wanda ya zama mafita mai ban sha'awa ga PICs masu zuwa.
Haɓaka fasahar LNOI
Lithium niobate (LN) an daɗe ana gane shi azaman maɓalli don aikace-aikacen photonic. Koyaya, kawai tare da fitowar siraren fim ɗin LNOI da dabarun ƙirƙira ci gaba ne aka buɗe cikakkiyar damar sa. Masu bincike sun sami nasarar nuna raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa da ultra-high-Q microresonators akan dandamali na LNOI [1], suna nuna babban tsalle a cikin haɗin gwiwar photonics.
Mabuɗin Amfanin Fasahar LNOI
- Rashin hasara mai ƙarancin gani(ƙananan 0.01 dB/cm)
- Tsarin nanophotonic masu inganci
- Taimako don hanyoyin gani mara kyau iri-iri
- Haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe na wutar lantarki (EO).
Hanyoyin Hanyoyi marasa kan layi akan LNOI
Tsarukan nanophotonic mai girma da aka ƙirƙira akan dandamalin LNOI yana ba da damar fahimtar maɓalli na hanyoyin gani marasa kan layi tare da ingantaccen inganci da ƙarancin famfo. Hanyoyin da aka nuna sun haɗa da:
- Generation na biyu masu jituwa (SHG)
- Ƙwararren Ƙwararru (SFG)
- Ƙarfafa Mitar Bambanci (DFG)
- Juyin Juya-ƙasa (PDC)
- Haɗin-Wave Hudu (FWM)
An aiwatar da tsare-tsare daban-daban masu daidaitawa don inganta waɗannan matakai, da kafa LNOI a matsayin dandamalin gani mara waya mai fa'ida sosai.
Na'urorin Haɗe-haɗe na Electro-Optically Tunable
Fasaha ta LNOI kuma ta ba da damar haɓaka kewayon na'urorin photonic masu aiki da yawa masu amfani, kamar:
- Modulator masu saurin gani
- PICs masu aiki da yawa masu sake daidaitawa
- Tambayoyin mitar da za a iya jurewa
- Micro-optomechanical maɓuɓɓugan ruwa
Waɗannan na'urori suna yin amfani da ainihin kaddarorin EO na lithium niobate don cimma daidaitaccen iko mai sauri na siginar haske.
Ayyukan Ayyuka na LNOI Photonics
PICs na tushen LNOI yanzu ana karɓar su cikin ɗimbin girma na aikace-aikace masu amfani, gami da:
- Microwave-to-optical converters
- Na'urori masu auna gani
- On-chip spectrometers
- Tambayoyin mitar gani
- Nagartattun tsarin sadarwa
Waɗannan aikace-aikacen suna nuna yuwuwar LNOI don dacewa da aikin kayan aikin gani na gani, yayin da suke ba da ma'auni, ingantattun hanyoyin samar da makamashi ta hanyar ƙirar hoto.
Kalubale na Yanzu da Hanyoyi na gaba
Duk da kyakkyawar ci gabanta, fasahar LNOI tana fuskantar matsaloli da dama na fasaha:
a) Ci gaba da Rage Asarar gani
Asarar jagorar wave na yanzu (0.01 dB/cm) har yanzu tsari ne na girma sama da iyakar ɗaukar kayan. Ana buƙatar ci gaba a cikin fasahohin ion-slicing da nanofabrication don rage ƙarancin ƙasa da lahani masu alaƙa da sha.
b) Ingantaccen Gudanar da Geometry na Waveguide
Bayar da jagororin raƙuman raƙuman raƙuman ruwa na nm-700nm da raƙuman haɗin kai na ƙasa-2 μm ba tare da sadaukar da maimaitawa ba ko haɓaka asarar yaduwa yana da mahimmanci don haɓakar haɗin kai.
c) Haɓaka Haɗin kai
Yayin da filayen zaruruwa da masu canza yanayin suna taimakawa cimma ingantaccen haɗin gwiwa, suturar da ba za ta iya jurewa ba na iya ƙara rage tunanin mu'amalar kayan iska.
d) Haɓaka Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙira
Na'urorin photonic-marasa hankali akan LNOI suna da mahimmanci, suna buƙatar abubuwan da suka dace da aikin polarizers na sararin samaniya.
e) Haɗin Kan Kayan Lantarki
Ingantacciyar haɗa manyan na'urorin sarrafa kayan lantarki ba tare da ɓata aikin gani ba shine mahimmin jagorar bincike.
f) Haɓaka Matsakaicin Matsayi da Injiniyan Watsawa
Dogaran ƙirar yanki a ƙudurin ƙananan micron yana da mahimmanci ga na'urorin gani marasa kan layi amma ya kasance fasaha mara girma akan dandalin LNOI.
g) Diyya ga Lalacewar Kera
Dabaru don rage sauye-sauyen lokaci da canje-canjen muhalli ke haifarwa ko bambance-bambancen ƙirƙira suna da mahimmanci don ƙaddamar da ainihin duniya.
h) Ingantacciyar Haɗaɗɗen Chip ɗin Multi-Chip
Magance ingantaccen haɗin gwiwa tsakanin kwakwalwan LNOI da yawa yana da mahimmanci don ma'auni fiye da iyakokin haɗin kan wafer guda.
Haɗin monolithic na Abubuwan da ke Aiki da Ƙarfafawa
Babban ƙalubale ga LNOI PICs shine haɗin kai mai inganci mai tsada na kayan aiki da kayan aiki masu ƙarfi kamar:
- Laser
- Masu ganowa
- Masu juyawa mara tsayi mara layi
- Masu daidaitawa
- Multiplexers/Demultiplexers
Dabarun na yanzu sun haɗa da:
a) Ion Doping na LNOI:
Zaɓin zaɓin ions masu aiki zuwa yankuna da aka keɓance na iya haifar da tushen hasken da ke kan guntu.
b) Haɗin kai da Haɗin kai iri-iri:
Haɗin ɓangarorin da aka riga aka kera na LNOI PICs tare da yadudduka na LNOI ko laser na III-V suna ba da madadin hanya.
c) Haɓaka Mai Rauni/Maɗaukaki LNOI Wafer Kera:
Wata sabuwar hanya ta haɗa da haɗakar da wafers na LN da ba a kwance ba kafin yankan ion, wanda ke haifar da wafers na LNOI tare da yankuna masu aiki da kuma m.
Hoto 1yana misalta manufar haɗaɗɗiyar haɗaɗɗiyar PICs masu aiki / m, inda tsarin lithographic guda ɗaya ke ba da damar daidaitawa mara kyau da haɗin kai na nau'ikan abubuwan biyu.
Haɗin kai na Photodetectors
Haɗa masu gano hoto cikin PIC na tushen LNOI wani muhimmin mataki ne zuwa ga tsarin aiki cikakke. Ana gudanar da bincike kan hanyoyin farko guda biyu:
a) Haɗin kai iri-iri:
Semiconductor nanostructures za a iya haɗe ɗan lokaci zuwa jagororin raƙuman ruwa na LNOI. Koyaya, ana buƙatar haɓaka haɓakar ganowa da ƙima.
b) Juyin Wavelength mara iyaka:
Kaddarorin da ba na kan layi na LN suna ba da damar jujjuya mitoci a cikin jagororin raƙuman ruwa, suna ba da damar amfani da daidaitattun masu gano hoto na silicon ba tare da la'akari da tsawon tsayin aiki ba.
Kammalawa
Ci gaban fasaha na LNOI da sauri yana kawo masana'antar kusa da dandamali na PIC na duniya wanda ke da damar yin amfani da aikace-aikace da yawa. Ta hanyar magance ƙalubalen da ake da su da kuma ciyar da sabbin abubuwa gaba a cikin haɗin kai guda ɗaya da ganowa, PICs na tushen LNOI suna da yuwuwar kawo sauyi a fannoni kamar sadarwa, bayanan ƙididdiga, da ji.
LNOI tana riƙe da alƙawarin cika dogon hangen nesa na PICs masu daidaitawa, daidai da nasara da tasirin EICs. Ƙoƙarin R&D na ci gaba-kamar waɗanda daga Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Nanjing Photonics da XiaoyaoTech Design Platform—za su kasance masu mahimmanci wajen tsara makomar haɗaɗɗen hotunan hoto da buɗe sabbin damammaki a cikin fagagen fasaha.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-18-2025