A cikin 1965, wanda ya kafa Intel Gordon Moore ya bayyana abin da ya zama "Dokar Moore." Sama da rabin karni yana ƙarfafa ci gaba da samun ci gaba a cikin ayyukan haɗaɗɗiyar da'ira (IC) da raguwar farashi-tushen fasahar dijital ta zamani. A takaice: adadin transistor akan guntu kusan ninki biyu duk shekara biyu.
Shekaru da yawa, ci gaba ya bi diddigin wannan matakin. Yanzu hoton yana canzawa. Ƙarin raguwa ya girma da wahala; Girman fasalin sun ragu zuwa ƴan nanometer kaɗan. Injiniyoyin suna shiga cikin iyakoki na jiki, ƙarin matakai masu rikitarwa, da hauhawar farashi. Ƙananan geometries kuma suna rage yawan amfanin ƙasa, suna sa samar da girma mai girma da wahala. Ginawa da gudanar da babban fage yana buƙatar babban jari da ƙwarewa. Saboda haka da yawa suna jayayya cewa Dokar Moore tana rasa tururi.
Wannan motsi ya buɗe ƙofar zuwa sabuwar hanya: chiplets.
Chiplet ɗan ƙaramin mutu ne wanda ke yin takamaiman aiki - ainihin yanki na abin da ya kasance guntu guda ɗaya. Ta hanyar haɗa chiplets da yawa a cikin fakiti ɗaya, masana'antun zasu iya haɗa cikakken tsarin.
A zamanin monolithic, duk ayyuka sun rayu akan babban mutuwa ɗaya, don haka lahani a ko'ina zai iya kawar da guntu gaba ɗaya. Tare da chiplets, ana gina tsarin daga “sanannen mutu mai kyau” (KGD), haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin masana'antu.
Haɗe-haɗe-haɗe-haɗe ya mutu da aka gina akan nodes na tsari daban-daban da kuma ayyuka daban-daban-yana sa chiplets musamman ƙarfi. Tubalan ƙididdige ayyuka masu girma na iya amfani da sabbin nodes, yayin da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da da'irori na analog suna tsayawa kan balagagge, fasaha masu inganci. Sakamakon: mafi girma aiki a ƙananan farashi.
Masana'antar kera motoci na da sha'awa ta musamman. Manyan masu kera motoci suna amfani da waɗannan fasahohin don haɓaka SoCs a cikin abin hawa na gaba, tare da karɓar taro da aka yi niyya bayan 2030. Chiplets sun ba su damar haɓaka AI da zane da inganci yayin haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa - haɓaka duka aiki da aiki a cikin na'urori masu sarrafa motoci.
Wasu ɓangarorin kera dole ne su gamsar da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin aminci na aiki don haka dogara ga tsofaffi, ingantattun nodes. A halin yanzu, tsarin zamani kamar taimakon direba na ci gaba (ADAS) da motocin da aka ayyana software (SDVs) suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙididdigewa. Chiplets gada waccan tazarar: ta hanyar haɗa masu sarrafa microcontrollers masu aminci, manyan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da masu haɓaka AI masu ƙarfi, masana'anta na iya keɓance SoCs zuwa buƙatun kowane mai kera mota-da sauri.
Waɗannan fa'idodin sun wuce fiye da motoci. Gine-ginen Chiplet suna yaduwa cikin AI, telecom, da sauran yankuna, suna haɓaka sabbin abubuwa a cikin masana'antu da sauri zama ginshiƙi na taswirar semiconductor.
Haɗin Chiplet ya dogara da ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin haɗin mutu-da-mutu mai sauri. Maɓallin maɓalli shine mai shiga tsakani - Layer matsakaici, sau da yawa silicon, ƙarƙashin mutuwar da ke yin sigina kamar ƙaramin allon kewayawa. Ingantattun masu shiga tsakani suna nufin haɗakarwa da sauri da musayar sigina.
Babban marufi kuma yana inganta isar da wutar lantarki. Tsare-tsare na ƙananan haɗin ƙarfe tsakanin mutuwa suna ba da isassun hanyoyi don halin yanzu da bayanai har ma a cikin matsatsun wurare, ba da damar canja wurin babban bandwidth yayin yin ingantaccen amfani da iyakataccen yanki.
Babban tsarin yau shine haɗin kai na 2.5D: sanya matattu da yawa gefe-da-gefe akan mai shiga tsakani. Tsalle na gaba shine haɗin kai na 3D, wanda tarawa ya mutu a tsaye ta amfani da ta hanyar-silicon vias (TSVs) don maɗaukakin yawa.
Haɗa ƙirar guntu na yau da kullun (ayyukan raba ayyuka da nau'ikan kewayawa) tare da tari na 3D yana haifar da sauri, ƙarami, ƙarin na'urori masu ƙarfin kuzari. Ƙwaƙwalwar haɗin gwiwa da ƙididdigewa yana ba da babban bandwidth zuwa manyan bayanan bayanai-mai kyau ga AI da sauran manyan ayyuka na ayyuka.
Tari a tsaye, duk da haka, yana kawo ƙalubale. Zafi yana tarawa cikin sauri, yana rikitar da sarrafa zafi da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Don magance wannan, masu bincike suna haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin marufi don magance matsalolin zafi. Ko da haka, yunƙurin yana da ƙarfi: haɗuwar chiplets da haɗin kai na 3D ana kallon ko'ina a matsayin wani yanayi mai rugujewa-wanda ke shirin ɗaukar fitilar inda Dokar Moore ta tashi.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-15-2025